Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (MACE): a Useful Cognitive Screening Instrument in Older People?

Abstract

Background

The Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (MACE) is a recently described brief cognitive screening instrument.

Objective

To examine the test accuracy of MACE for the identification of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a cohort of older patients assessed in a neurology-led dedicated cognitive disorders clinic.

Methods

Cross-sectional assessment of consecutive patients with MACE was performed independent of the reference standard diagnosis based on clinical interview of patient and, where possible, informant and structural brain imaging, and applying standard clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia and MCI. Various test accuracy metrics were examined at two MACE cut-offs ( ≤ 25/30 and ≤ 21/30), comparing the whole patient cohort with those aged ≥ 65 or ≥ 75 years, hence at different disease prevalences.

Results

Dependent upon the chosen cut-off, MACE was either very sensitive or very specific for the identification of any cognitive impairment in the older patient cohorts with increased disease prevalence. However, at both cut-offs the positive predictive values and post-test odds increased in the older patient cohorts. At the more sensitive cut-off, improvements in some new unitary test metrics were also seen.

Conclusion

MACE is a valid instrument for identification of cognitive impairment in older people. Test accuracy metrics may differ with disease prevalence.